EFFECT
OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON POVERTY IN INDONESIA
I. Introduction
A. Background
In Indonesia today are not little people
with an income that is below average, Indonesia is a developing country where
per capita income of the population is still less than the actual needs of the
community. Problems may arise, especially in the field of economy, the problems
that arise such as unemployment and poverty.
Poverty in Indonesia has been happening
since time immemorial in Indonesia where the government can not reduce poverty
from year to year and even poverty has become a serious work for our
government. Many ways have been done by the government, but to suppress or even
reduce poverty is difficult. Indonesia as a country rich in natural resources,
it was not a few people who are poor.
Unemployment is a person belonging to
the labor force and wanted to get a job but have not been able to get it.
Unemployment problem which cause the level of national income and the level of
prosperity of the people do not reach their full potential is the main problem
that most mainstream macro economics. The absence of income causes the
unemployed should reduce their consumption expenditure leading to a decreased
level of prosperity and well-being. Prolonged unemployment can also cause a bad
psychological effect on the unemployed and their families
Unemployment Explosion Due to financial
crisis, many entrepreneurs go bankrupt because of debt-ridden banks or loans to
business associates. So many workers or factory workers who had laid off by the
company in which she worked in reducing the amount of cost that is used to pay
the salaries of the workers. This has to be one of the triggers of the
explosion of unemployment
In
society, millions of unemployed people also queued waiting for energy used. The
large number of unemployed in Indonesia will gradually lead to many social
problems that will become a social crisis, because many people are frustrated
to face his fate. High unemployment, population explosion problem, unequal
income distribution, and many other problems in our country to be one of the
main factors the low standard of living of the population in our country. However,
the factors causing the low standard of living in developing countries is the
limited absorption of resources, including human resources. Development and
human resource development requires a very high commitment and a long period of
time. The development process is a very difficult process of empowerment,
should be done gradually and followed by all involved.
One
of the factors that lead to high levels of unemployment in our country is too
much labor directed to the formal sector, so that when they lost their jobs in
the formal sector, they are desperate and can not afford to create their own
jobs in the sector intellectual informal.Pengangguran is inseparable from the
question of the world of education that are not capable of producing quality
manpower as per the demands that the job market is often well-educated
workforce we can not compete with foreign workers. This phenomenon is being
faced by our nation where many well-educated workforce is unemployed even
though they actually bears title. The weaknesses of our education system is the
difficulty of providing that education can actually foster the professionalism
of someone in a career or work.
B. Problem
Issues
to be discussed in this paper are:
1. What
causes unemployment?
2. What
is the impact of unemployment on the economy and poverty?
3. How to cope with the impact of unemployment on
poverty?
C. Purpose
Scientific
research purposes for writing this is:
1. Can
know the types of unemployment
2. Determine
the cause of unemployment.
3. Knowing
the impact of unemployment on the economy and poverty.
D.
Advantage
1. Useful
for writers and readers to gain knowledge and information about unemployment
and poverty
2. Understand
understanding of the scope of the macro economy, especially in Indonesia.
3. Can
see the picture and information about the effect of unemployment on poverty in
Indonesia
4. Can
see the picture and information about the effect of unemployment on poverty in
Indonesia
5. Indonesia's
economy may improve some of the factors that cause unemployment affects poverty
in Indonesia
6. From
the results of this study are expected to provide additional outlook on
Indonesia's macroeconomic policies, especially in analyzing and dealing with
unemployment in Indonesia.
E.
Approach
1. Gather
information from various sources
2. Using
the library approach.
II.
DISCUSSION
A.
Unemployment
Problem
The
unemployed people who are in the productive age / working age who are not
working. Based on the cause of unemployment can be distinguished 5 types:
a. Structural
Unemployment: Unemployment that occurs as a result of changes in the structure
and economic activities as a result of economic development.
b. Cycle
of unemployment: Unemployment that occurs as a result of changes in the level
perekonomian.misalnya companies must reduce production so that some workers
were laid off.
c. Frictional
unemployment: unemployment that occurs when the economy reaches full employment
level of use (full employment), where labor trying to change jobs or shift
workers or temporary strike to demand higher wages.
d. Seasonal
unemployment: Unemployment caused by changes in the demand for labor periodic
nature, such as unemployed at the time lapse between the planting and
harvesting seasons
e. Technological
unemployment: Unemployment caused by technological changes such as replacing
human labor with machines.
Unemployment
is generally caused because the labor force is not proportional to the number
of jobs that can absorb it. Unemployment is often a problem in the economy due
to the presence of unemployment, productivity and incomes will be reduced so as
to give rise to poverty and other social problems. The unemployment rate can be
calculated by comparing the number of unemployed to the total labor force
expressed as a percent.
The
absence of income causes the unemployed should reduce their consumption
expenditure leading to a decreased level of prosperity and well-being.
Prolonged unemployment can also cause a bad psychological effect on the
unemployed and their families.
One
significant problem in Indonesia is the problem of unemployment. Unemployment
could be diverse kinds of factors, and this should not be ignored by the
government. Combating unemployment is not the responsibility of the government
alone. The entire population of Indonesia is expected participation to resolve
this issue. Without the cooperation of the government and the society it is
impossible to tackle unemployment in Indonesia. Here are some common causes of
unemployment in Indonesia.
a. Low education.
Low education dpat cause a person difficulty in finding a job. In because all
companies require a minimum high school employees.
b. Lack of skills.
Many college students or high school graduates who already have the criteria in
the work, but still lacking in technical skills. So hard to find a job.
c. Lack of jobs.
Each year, Indonesia has a number of school or college graduates are so high. A
very large number is not balanced with the existing jobs, whether provided by
government or private.
d. Lack of community EQ levels.
EQ includes a person's ability level in mengandalikan emotions, which affects
the speaking skills / communication, social, self-confidence, and other
properties that support life in the community. People who are good at
communication and social skills more easily get a job in the appeal who is
always quiet and did not dare to explore your own potential.
e. Feeling lazy and dependent on
others. Consider a graduate degree and then did not want to
work and would rather hang of life to a parent or spouse if married. He
includes unemployment, but that he missed an opportunity to create a job for
others.
f. Do not want to entrepreneurship.
Generally someone who just graduated school / college fixated in finding a job,
as it is a destination that is absolute. So competition for jobs larger in
comparison make an effort.
B.
The
Impact of Unemployment
Unemployment
Issues and Social Crisis If unemployment is thus left to linger then it is most
likely to encourage a social crisis. For many people, getting a job is like
getting self-esteem. Losing a job can be loss of self-esteem.
The
purpose of economic development of a country is basically improving the
prosperity and economic growth in a state that is stable and the unemployment
rate rose terus.Jika relatively high in a country, it would hinder the
achievement of economic development goals that have aspired. This happens
because unemployment adversely affect the economy.
Unemployment
can lead to the inability to maximize the level of prosperity achieved. This
happens because unemployment can lead to real national income (real) people
reached will be lower than the potential revenue (revenue that should have
been). Unemployment will cause national income derived from reduced tax sector.
This occurs because of high unemployment will lead to decreased economic
activity so that income would be decreased. Thus, the tax must be paid out of
the public would be decreased.
Unemployment does not promote
economic growth. Unemployment will cause the purchasing power will be reduced
so that the demand for the goods produced will be reduced. Such circumstances
do not stimulate the investor to make the expansion or establishment of new
industries. Thus, the level of investment declined so economic growth will not
be encouraged.
Unemployment Impact Of Social Life
in Indonesia :
a. Poverty
Poverty occurs because of the inability of
the community to meet basic kabutuhan such as food, health, clothing and others
- others. This inability is caused kerana the family members who are unemployed
or not working so hard to buy or insufficient daily life.
b. Slum
housing
Many villagers who want to work in the city
(urbanization) but the villagers less competitive, so it can not work,
consequently, to preserve life in the city, they live in slums.
c. Street
Children
Life is not sufficient to require that all
family members to work, so, they went busking, in other circumstances, when it
does not have a place to stay require that children - children to live on the streets.
d. Students
Out of School
Limited financial means to pay for school
makes parents - children were forced to lay off his son's school, and requires
them to work to earn money for food and other necessities.
C.
How
to Cope with Unemployment
Problem
of unemployment is a problem that adversely affect economic activity, both in
the production, distribution, and consumption. Therefore, efforts should be
done to tackle unemployment continuously. ways to overcome pegangguran as
follows :
1. Expand
employment opportunities
According Soemitro
Djojohadikusomo, job opportunities can be expanded in two ways, namely:
a. Industrial
development, especially the kind of labor-intensive industries
b. Through
a variety of public works projects, such as roads, waterways, dams and bridges.
2. Lowering
the amount of labor force
There are several ways you can do to reduce
the amount of labor force, such as family planning, compulsory education and
the minimum age restriction.
3. Improve
the quality of work of the existing workforce, so as to adapt to the demands of
the state. Many ways you can do, like go to school to a higher level, courses,
training centers, attend seminars and others.
All kinds of ways to
overcome unemployment, according to the type of unemployment is:
1. How
to overcome structural unemployment
To cope with this kind
of unemployment, the means used are:
· Increased
mobility of capital and labor
· Immediately
move the surplus labor of the place and the advantages to the sector and the
lack of economic sectors
· Workforce
training opportunities for filling vacancies (vacancies) job vacant
· Immediately
set up a labor-intensive industry in areas experiencing unemployment.
2.
How to overcome the frictional
unemployment
To
cope with this kind of unemployment, the means used are:
·
Expansion of employment opportunities by
establishing new industries, especially labor-intensive
·
Promote the development of the informal
sector, such as home industry
·
Transmigration program to promote
employment in the agricultural sector and other formal sector.
3.
How to cope with seasonal unemployment
To
cope with this kind of unemployment, the means used are:
·
Provision of information quickly if
there are vacancies in other sectors
·
Conduct training in other skills to take
advantage of the time while waiting for a certain season
4.
How to cope with unemployment cycle
To
cope with this kind of unemployment, the means used are:
·
Directing public demand for goods and
services
·
Increase purchasing power.
III.
CONCLUSION
Unemployment is a person who does not have a
job, full of people who do not work and (still or were) looking. Poverty is the
greatest result of unemployment. Indonesia is a country with high levels of
poverty caused by unemployment, because that banya problems that occurred in
Indonesia include economic issues. Indonesian government should strive to
reduce poverty so as not to cause problems even worse. Among them there are the
programs that are intended for the poor to reduce poverty in Indonesia. Expected
earlier programs can actually reduce poverty and make Indonesia become more
developed countries, independent and better future.
IV.
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